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DECLARATION
I (a student of Bachelor of Science of Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal) hereby declare that the Project work entitled “ADULTERATION Of MILK” submitted to Barkatullah University Bhopal (M.P.) is a report of an original work done by me under the guidance of DR. SANTOSH AMBHORE and this project work has performed the basis for the award of degree of Bachelor of Science.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project report has been completed and I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to those entire associate with it. This report is an outcome of my hard and consistent efforts. Therefore I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all those without whom this project would never have been accomplished.
Firstly I would
like to thank Prof. (DR.) V.
K. SHRIVASTAVA our respected principal for providing me a platform to
work out my work plans in a solely practical manner.
I would also
like to thank DR. SANTOSH
AMBHORE who has given me valuable support and knowledge in making my
project better and also helping in every way and at every possible step of my
work and providing his valuable suggestions.
I am also extremely thankful to all the faculty members of the college to help me to come out with the flying colors in this report and help me bring out the best I could.
CERTIFICATE
This is also certifying
that the project entitled “ALDUTERATION
OF MILK” which is submitted by Mr. ABHISHEK KUMAR TRIPATHI Enrollment No. – R150030060060 in
the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science by the Barkatullah University,
Bhopal,
is a record of the candidate’s own work carried out by his under my supervision
and guidance. He has collected all his literature very sincerely and
methodically and his work is authentic.
I recommend the
project to be forward to the examiner for evaluation in academic session 2016 – 17.
INDEX
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Introduction of my project
- ·
Adulteration of milk
- ·
Detection of Neutralizers in milk
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Detection of Extraneous Urea in Milk
- ·
Detection of Starch in Milk products
- ·
Some other ways of manufacturing
milk with adulterations
- ·
Conclusion and Result
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Memories
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| Adulteration Image |
INTRODUTION OF MY PROJECT -
Adulteration of
Milk is a very dangerous problem for us. It comes under food adulteration and
when we talk about Food Adulteration in India then you know that many times we
hear about poisoned food even including food, milk, fruits etc. Some culprits
do so because they want to earn money quickly and they do not care about our
health.
India is 2nd
most populated country after china. Therefore demand of everything (mainly milk
and milk products) is very high. We know that India is only the country where
milk production is very good comparing to all over the world. But many times we
see the problem of adulteration of milk. But when we want to analysis whether
the milk is adulterated or not then by following some steps we can easily
conclude the accuracy of milk or milk product.
In the supervision
of respected DR. SANTOSH AMBHORE sir I with my some friends did an experiment on
adulteration of milk that I am going to mention now:
GROUP
OF STUDENTS –
1. ABHISHEK KUMAR TRIPATHI
2. ANAND KUMAR CHAURASIYA
3. SURYA SHEKHAR SHIROMANI
4. LEONARDO NANDANWAR
5. HEMANT RAIKWAR
6. SUNIL SINGH
Adulteration of milk
Milk
is called as a wholesome food. We get every required energy and elements from
milk. But when milk gets adulterated then this becomes very dangerous for
heath. In my project I did some general practical on milk like if milk is
adulterated having starch, urea, neutralizers or water then by using some steps
you can easily find the adulteration in milk.
If
milk is adulterated with water then it is easy to know about how much water is
adulterated in the milk. With the help of Lactometer we can easily
define milk adulteration with water. We took two samples of milk first Cow Milk
and second Buffalo Milk we got result in Lactometer:
1.
Reading
of cow’s pure milk was 22 to 27 degree.
2.
Reading
of buffalo’s pure milk was 28 to 32 degree.
But
when we analysis milk adulterated with water was giving low value in
Lactometer.
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| Testing in Lab |
But except water is
adulterated in milk then to know about purity of milk is difficult. Then we
took support of chemistry. With the help of some chemical elements and
compounds we can easily analysis adulteration of milk. Whatever we did in our
experiment, we took many samples of milk and milk products then finally by
using chemicals we get many consequences that I am going to mention now.
DETECTION OF
NEUTRALIZERS IN MILK
General: - Milk is sold
in the cities is being transported from a longer distance. If the milk is not
transported at a low temperature, there is every likelihood of its getting
spoilt because of bacterial action. Neutralizers are added in the milk to avoid
spoilage of milk but there addition to milk is not permitted under PFA
(Prevention of Food Adulteration) Rules.
Common
neutralizers used are sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate. The process of neutralizers can be detected by use of alcoholic rosalic
acid solution. Addition of this re-agent gives a red colour if
bicarbonates and carbonates are present while a deep rose red colour will
appear if sodium hydroxide has been used as a neutralizer.
The
appearance of deep rose red colour indicates the presence of a neutralizer.
DETECTION
OF EXTRANEOUS UREA IN MILK
General: - Although
addition of urea is prohibited under the PFA Rules. Still it is added to the
milk by unscrupulous persons to increase its viscosity thereby giving a feeling
of rich milk.
We
mix para-dymethyl
and then
amino benzaldehyde to the milk.
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The
appearance of a distinct yellow colour indicates the presence of added
urea.
DETECTION OF STARCH IN MILK PRODUCTS
General: - Starch is a common adulterant in milk products as
its gets easily mixed up with these products because of the similarity in the
colour. Starch adds to the weight of the products, and, is therefore, a cheap
source of adulteration. The adulteration of these products with starch with
starch can be detected by addition of iodine to these products which results in
the formation of a blue colour. The blue colour is due to the formation of an
inclusion complex between iodine and the amylase. The amylase coils into the
spiral and the iodine molecule aligns within the centre of this spiral and
causes light absorption which gives a blue colour.
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The formation of a blue
coloration shows the presence of starch in milk.
SOME OTHER WAYS OF MANUFACTURING MILK WITH ADULTERATIONS
In big cities often people
do some other ways of manufacturing milk with adulteration that one of many
methods, I am going to mention now. They use this method because of they get
much adulterated milk and earn much more. Actually this is mentality of those
who do not care anyone and think to earn early and exceed. According to
government this method is not legal but I am going to mention it because
many times you see this type of news and whether you or your family are getting
poisoned milk
or milk products. This wonderful method of making impure milk is
mentioned below: -
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| People making Milk with Chemicals |
1. Firstly use a pouch of Shampoo and mix that with some refined oil. And make paste with your hands in a big bowl.
2.
Now mix half
liter milk and some sugar and much water
3.
Now shake the
resultant for almost 5 minutes. You milk is ready for sale.
But this method is illegal.
I have mentioned it because I want to know about samples of milk or milk
products that are sold in market. Surprising thing about this method is that
culprits make it so gently that even Lactometer fails for many times.
CONCLUSION AND RESULT
We know that milk is wholesome for us
but it is dangerous when milk is adulterated. Finally when we worked on this
project we can say that it is not difficult to know about whether the milk is
adulterated or not. But many times we feel hazardous when milk is manufactured.
According to me and my friends we did this practical with many samples of milk
and milk product but we did not found and product or sample poisoned.
MEMORIES
Ultimately I with my friends worked on project “ADULTERATION of MILK” in the supervision of DR. SANTOSH ABHORE sir. And we are really very happy for successfully working on the Project. I would like to thank especially to our respected sir and to our all group members who supported me to complete my project.
A LOT OF THANKS!!!
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