So before explaining in detail you should know that there is particular no national language of India. By the way languages scheduled in Indian constitution in 8th schedule are considered as national language, so there are total 22 national languages right now in India. While Hindi is Official Language of India.
Making it clear that English is also an Official Language of India. For better understanding we have to read about Official Language Act, 1963. So let's explain every solution of your questions first. Now understand the difference between Official Language and National Language.
Official Language - The language of a country that is used for government, official purpose is called Official Language. In Indian rule of official language central have given power to states to decide their own priority of using official languages. Hindi was declared official language of India along with English as its complementary language for 15 years in 1950 but English is continued still now. Official Language Hindi is used in central, public sector undertaking bodies for communication via letters. In 1960's time Tamilmadu rejected Hindi as its official language.
National Language - The language spoken by majority of any country's population is known as national language. But the language should be acknowledged by the authority of the country to be known as national language. Indian government acknowledges 22 languages constitutionally, therefore scheduled 22 languages are the national language of India. If a language is scheduled or is termed as national language then the people speaking that particular language get all privileges by the government. i.e. students can appear in central (railway) examination and can choose one of 22 scheduled languages for their medium of examination.
Demographic percentage of Indian population lingual basis - In all over the world Mandarin (Chinese) is spoken by most native speakers in the world and it makes Mandarin first most spoken language in the world. While by native speakers English ranks to second position while Hindi is on the third position.
But by overall people speaking a language, English is on top, Chinese is on second while Hindi secures third rank. There are some other countries where Hindi is spoken like Fiji, Mauritius, Surinam, Nepal, US, UK, South Africa, UAE and other countries.
Talking about Indian population there are about 41% Hindi speaking people whom mother tong is Hindi, 8% Bengali, 7% Marathi, 5 % Urdu, 5%Gujrati, rest other languages. So it's obvious Hindi is the most spoken language in India. About 60-70% Indians understand Hindi.
Hindi & History - Hindi is originally generated from Sanskrit and came in this form in late 10th century. Hindi is Indo-European family language like other languages English, Nepali, German, Farsi etc. In all North - central Indian region Hindi and Urdu was originated and introduced by invaders (as per some texts). Firstly Hindi term to Hindi language was given by a Marathi Muslim writer, poet. Later Hindi along with other Indo-European languages became part of Indian struggle. Because of Similarities between north - central Indian languages with Hindi, it gained popularity among common people. Hindi was very strong medium of conversation. Later by constitution makers of India, on 14 September, 1949 it is decided that Hindi would be official language.
Why south Indian oppose Hindi - South Indian specially Tamils oppose Hindi because they say North - Central Indians are imposing Hindi on them. This lead a great protest 1967 against Hindi speaking people. Their saying is that Tamil is their mother tong and they also proud of their mother tong as Hindi speaking people want. They say their literature is richer than Hindi and Tamil is considered as the oldest language of the world. Their saying is Hindi is unnecessary for them to learn, but if someone wants to learn, they have no objection. (In 1937 Hindi was made compulsory in Tamil region, a strong protest against Hindi took place even then)
Why Hindi speaking people want Tamils to learn Hindi - there are many reasons. Some of the reasons seems to be authentic while others are wrong. First let's talk about authentic reasons. Actually there are many countries whose national language / official languages are imposed by those countries who ruled them, still such countries (some african countries) are relatively poorer than those countries that accepted their mother / native language as official / national languages. Citizen of that country feel inferior for their mother tong and by accepting a foreign language they keep up slavery.
Hindi speaking people court this example and say their must be a language that work as linking language nation wide. Hindi has a scope to fulfil this dream as per them. But in response Tamils / other south Indian say Hindi people should learn their languages because they love their language as Hindi people do.
By the way English may be the linking language as a common language of India. This concept is endorsed by all anti-Hindi people but Hindi people say there must be a indigenous language rather a foreign language.
Hypocrisy -
But there is a hypocrisy seen as well, the most educated elite class / strata of Indians whether they are Hindi or Tamils, Telugu whatever they teach their sons / daughters in English medium schools. So it's clear they are propagating for Hindi but actually they don't like any language by heart. They also pretend of patriotism. This has been courted by many linguistic reports.
So friends! We are ending up here and hope you like this article. Share this article to your study circle and comment your opinion on Hindi and languages.
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